Israel's parliament has passed legislation allowing military courts to impose the death penalty on Palestinians convicted of intentionally carrying out deadly attacks deemed acts of terrorism. The measure, approved on April 4, 2026, modifies existing legal procedures, enabling courts to levy capital punishment without requiring a request from prosecutors. Furthermore, the new law stipulates that a simple majority decision by the court will suffice for the imposition of the death penalty, removing the previous requirement for unanimity.

The legislation was initiated by the far-right Otzma Yehudit party, led by National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir. Proponents argue the law serves as a deterrent against acts of violence.

However, the passage of the bill has drawn sharp criticism from various international bodies and Palestinian leadership. Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas condemned the legislation, stating it breaches international law and constitutes an attempt to intimidate Palestinians. He characterized the move as a doomed effort designed to exert pressure.

Several European countries and human rights organizations have also voiced strong objections, describing the law as discriminatory. Critics argue that the legislation targets a specific demographic and raises concerns about due process and human rights implications within the Israeli military court system. The exact scope of its application and its potential impact on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict remain subjects of international scrutiny and debate.