The Fabian Society, established in 1884, is a British socialist organization that advocates for gradual and evolutionary social change rather than revolutionary upheaval. Named after the Roman general Fabius Cunctator, known for his cautious military strategy, the society adopts a similarly measured approach to political activism, favoring incremental influence over direct confrontation.

In its early years, the Fabian Society sought to shape the agendas of both the Liberal and Conservative parties before playing a significant role in the formation of the Labour Representation Committee, which evolved into the Labour Party in 1906. Throughout the 20th century, many Labour members of Parliament and party leaders were associated with the society. Notably, during the Labour landslide victory of 1945, over 200 MPs identifying as Fabians were elected. Prominent Labour prime ministers including Clement Attlee, Harold Wilson, Tony Blair, and Gordon Brown have had ties to the organization.

The society operates through research, publishing, and hosting educational events such as lectures and conferences aimed at promoting its vision of socialism. Despite its public activities, the Fabian Society has often been the subject of criticism and conspiracy theories. Some detractors accuse it of functioning as a secretive group seeking to undermine Western institutions and suggest it operates as part of a broader "deep state." These allegations are fueled in part by the presence of current and former members in influential positions, including a judge who ruled on matters related to the Epping asylum seekers’ hotel. The society’s coat of arms, adopted in 1884 and depicting a wolf in sheep’s clothing, is sometimes cited as symbolizing a covert or stealthy approach to achieving political goals.

The Fabian Society, however, maintains that it is a transparent organization with limited influence beyond the United Kingdom. While it acknowledges that members have held and continue to hold positions of power, it denies any secret control over world affairs or economic policymaking. As a national society focused on Britain, its impact on global matters is considered minimal.