Each year, more than half a million animals in U.S. shelters are euthanized, partly due to owners relinquishing pets after realizing the demands of pet care. While pet ownership offers mental and physical health benefits, it requires significant time, effort, and financial resources. Experts caution prospective owners to avoid common pitfalls when bringing a new animal into their home.

One misconception is that adopting an older pet minimizes the need for training. Many choose adult animals to avoid issues typically associated with puppies or kittens, such as chewing, scratching, and house soiling. However, adult pets brought to shelters are often relinquished due to behavioral problems, which may not simply disappear in a new home. Senior pets, defined as cats over 10 years or dogs in the last quarter of their average lifespan, may also have health challenges that require more specialized care and may lead to higher veterinary expenses. New owners should be prepared to invest time in training and adjustment regardless of the animal’s age, as even well-trained pets may behave differently in different environments.

Another key consideration is health. Animals housed in shelters or rescues often face infectious diseases like respiratory infections, skin conditions, and gastrointestinal problems due to stress and close living quarters. While some symptoms such as nasal discharge or coughing may improve after adoption, others can become chronic and costly to manage, examples being skin allergies or long-term respiratory issues. Puppies and kittens acquired from breeders may carry parasites like intestinal worms, which may not be immediately evident but necessitate treatment. Vaccinations typically require multiple rounds to provide full immunity, meaning young animals remain vulnerable to serious diseases for weeks after adoption or purchase.

Prospective pet owners are advised to carefully assess the animal’s health before adoption. A responsive, interactive animal with no visible signs of illness—such as clear eyes and nose, a healthy coat, and absence of lumps or fecal staining—is ideal. Observing the animal’s behavior and physical condition, including movement and elimination, helps identify potential issues early. Potential owners should also evaluate the cleanliness and overcrowding of the shelter or breeder facility, as these factors can affect the pet’s wellbeing and the likelihood of disease.

Contrary to popular belief, purchasing a pet from a breeder does not guarantee better health. Purebred animals often face an increased risk of genetic disorders due to inbreeding aimed at preserving specific traits. Certain breeds, like French bulldogs, have been documented with congenital abnormalities such as abnormal connections between the bladder and rectum. Within litters, the smallest or most vulnerable animals are more prone to health complications, making it advisable to select the healthiest and most vigorous puppies or kittens rather than the cutest or smallest.

Ultimately, responsible pet ownership involves thorough research, realistic expectations, and committed ongoing care to ensure a successful and mutually rewarding relationship between owner and animal.