Voters across the United States will decide on nearly 150 state ballot measures on Tuesday, encompassing a wide range of policy issues from election laws to abortion rights and criminal justice.

Election-related proposals feature prominently. Six states have measures concerning voter identification requirements. Ohio and North Carolina both seek to enshrine existing ID rules into their constitutions. Arizona’s Proposition 144 would mandate that mail-in voters “show” identification, though the measure lacks specificity on acceptable forms. Nevada, which does not currently require photo ID to vote, will revisit the issue with Question 7, aiming to constitutionally establish this requirement after a strong voter mandate in 2024.

Meanwhile, California’s Proposition 39 and Colorado’s Amendment 84 propose requiring ID verification at polling stations and for mail ballots, respectively. Other states, primarily in the Midwest and South, are considering bans on voting by noncitizens, which, while illegal for federal elections, remain allowed in some local jurisdictions. These efforts reflect ongoing attempts in certain states to tighten voter eligibility criteria ahead of various electoral contexts.

Alaska’s Measure 2 seeks to repeal the state’s ranked-choice voting system. Although voters narrowly preserved it in 2024, recent controversies surrounding its implementation may have shifted public opinion.

Several states are placing transgender-related policies before voters. Washington’s Initiative 638 and Colorado’s Proposition 134 would restrict participation of transgender girls in female sports categories. Colorado’s Proposition 135 would additionally prohibit gender-affirming surgeries for minors. Arizona and Nebraska also have measures on transgender issues, reflecting a broader national debate on gender identity and sports participation.

Abortion rights will be addressed in multiple states. Virginia’s Question 1 proposes to enshrine a constitutional “right to reproductive freedom” that currently permits abortion up to about 27 weeks. Nevada’s Question 6 would similarly establish constitutional protections for abortion up to viability, approximately 24 weeks. Idaho’s Proposition 1 stands out by potentially expanding access to abortion until about 24 weeks in a state with otherwise restrictive laws. Missouri’s Amendment 3 seeks to repeal a 2024 referendum that enshrined abortion rights and add exceptions for abortions following rape or incest.

Gerrymandering is another focus area. Maryland’s Question 3 would allow the state legislature greater discretion in drawing legislative districts, which critics argue could lead to extreme partisan maps favoring Democrats. By contrast, Missouri’s Proposition A would ratify a GOP-drawn 7-1 congressional map, while Colorado’s Amendment 86 aims to prohibit partisan redistricting outside the decennial census cycle.

Measures on diversity and inclusion policies are also on the ballot. Arizona’s Proposition 142 targets state institutions, including schools, by banning requests for diversity statements in employment or admissions. Wisconsin’s Question 3 would prohibit preferential treatment based on race, ethnicity, or sex in public programs and contracts, aligning state law with recent Supreme Court rulings on affirmative action.

Additional notable measures include Wisconsin’s Question 1, which would restrict the governor’s authority to use a partial veto to raise taxes. Kentucky’s Amendment 1 seeks to eliminate the governor’s pardon power during the final 60 days before an election. In Colorado, Amendment 81 proposes mandatory federal notification for violent crimes involving individuals with unclear immigration statuses. Arizona’s Proposition 319 would prohibit new traffic photo enforcement cameras unless approved by voters, and Colorado’s Amendment 82 aims to guarantee the right to purchase natural gas for heating or cooking, addressing concerns about potential restrictions tied to climate policies.

These diverse ballot measures reflect ongoing political and cultural debates at the state level as voters weigh changes that could significantly affect local governance, electoral integrity, and social policy.