China implemented new exit and entry regulations on September 15, imposing stricter controls on individuals considered potential threats to national technology security. The updated rules, unveiled in July, aim to prevent violations of export controls and technology import-export regulations that could jeopardize China’s industrial or technological safety.

Under the new framework, Chinese citizens found to have committed illegal or criminal acts abroad that harm national security or interests may face exit bans ranging from six months to three years upon their return. Foreign nationals can be barred from entering China for periods between one and five years if they provide false information in visa applications.

While Chinese citizens generally have greater freedom to travel than during the COVID-19 pandemic, the government has historically maintained close oversight of the travel activities of individuals designated as security risks. Travel restrictions have traditionally applied to senior government officials and executives at state-affiliated enterprises with access to sensitive information. In 2023, reports indicated that Chinese civil servants and employees of state-linked companies encountered increased limits on private overseas travel and heightened scrutiny of foreign contacts as Beijing intensified efforts to counter foreign influence.

The new rules have implications beyond mainland China. Taiwan, which China considers a renegade province, has issued warnings for its citizens to exercise caution when visiting the mainland. Taiwan’s Mainland Affairs Council deputy head, Shen Yujin, described the regulations as effectively legalizing previously informal border controls and expanding enforcement agencies’ discretion. He expressed particular concern about provisions related to export controls and technology import-export management, issues that especially affect Taiwanese technology sector professionals.

China, however, has rejected these criticisms, asserting that the regulations improve legal protections for Taiwanese individuals.

The regulations have also coincided with cases drawing international attention. For example, Min Zin, a US citizen and Myanmar expert designated by Washington, was detained by Chinese authorities in June on accusations of endangering national security, an incident foreign governments view as part of broader security-related investigations that sometimes involve exit bans or denied departures.

These developments reflect China’s ongoing efforts to tighten controls over the movement of people and technology amid growing concerns about safeguarding national security and technological assets.