Blackheads, a common form of acne, develop when pores become clogged with oil, dead skin cells, and other debris that darken upon exposure to air. These blemishes typically appear on the face, neck, back, and chest. Dermatologists caution against attempting to remove blackheads at home due to the potential for skin damage.

While the urge to squeeze blackheads is understandable, experts warn that self-extraction can cause microscopic skin tears, inflammation, infection, and scarring. “It’s super tempting, and I understand why someone would want to squeeze them,” said Ailsen Huang, a dermatologist at NYC Health + Hospitals/Gotham Health. Still, she advises against it and recommends seeking professional help instead.

The quickest way to remove blackheads is extraction, but dermatologists suggest having it done by a trained professional using sterile tools. For those who choose to attempt removal themselves, using a comedone extractor—a metal instrument with a looped end—is preferable to using fingers. Proper hygiene is essential: washing hands, cleansing the affected area with soap or alcohol, and disinfecting the tool are recommended steps. However, pore strips are generally discouraged, as they often remove only the surface portion of blackheads, leaving residue in pores and potentially irritating the skin.

Preventing blackheads involves managing excess oil production, which is a primary contributor to their formation. Regular use of cleansers containing salicylic acid can help reduce oil buildup, while topical retinoids promote faster skin cell turnover to prevent clogged pores. Prescription retinoids like tretinoin are widely recommended, but over-the-counter options such as adapalene and retinol-containing products may also offer some benefit. However, the effectiveness of retinol products can vary due to lower concentrations and less rigorous regulation compared to prescription treatments.

For individuals with persistent or bothersome blackheads, consulting a dermatologist is advisable. Specialists can provide a range of treatments beyond extractions, including laser therapy to decrease oil production and potentially shrink pores, as well as chemical peels that exfoliate skin and dissolve clogged material. Additionally, dermatologists can develop personalized skincare regimens aimed at preventing future blackhead formation.

Overall, while the immediate relief of extracting blackheads may be tempting, dermatology experts emphasize safer and more effective approaches to treatment and prevention to maintain skin health.