Finland is home to one of Europe’s largest populations of brown bears, with an estimated 2,000 animals primarily concentrated near the eastern border. The country’s expansive wilderness and extended daylight hours during summer provide an opportunity for close observation of these elusive creatures in their natural habitat.
A recent journey to eastern Finland’s Kainuu region, near the Russian border, offered a rare chance to encounter brown bears in the wild. The Martinselkonen Wilderness Centre, situated adjacent to the Martinselkonen Nature Reserve, is dedicated to conserving ancient forests while fostering sustainable wildlife tourism. Visitors stay in simple accommodations managed by Riina Nilsson-Määttä since 2016 and explore the surrounding forests under the guidance of local experts such as Riina’s daughter, Maija Määttä.
Despite the proximity to the 800-mile Finnish-Russian border, the area is relatively open with minimal fencing, though unauthorized border crossings are strictly monitored and subject to arrest. Attention then turns to observing Finland’s bears—wildlife that is generally shy but can be seen feeding during summer months when berries and vegetation are abundant.
The observation method involves staying overnight in wooden hides equipped with basic amenities, including bunks and a large viewing window. Bears are attracted to the site with chunks of meat left by park rangers, a legal practice in Finland that is debated among conservationists. Critics argue that feeding may alter natural behaviors and create unhealthy dependencies, while supporters contend that commercial hides and responsible eco-tourism provide protection and sanctuary to the bears.
During a recent visit, multiple bears were observed feeding and interacting according to their social hierarchy. Dominant males arrived first to establish territory, followed by females and younger bears. The animals displayed notable agility, climbing pine trees and closely approaching the hides without signs of aggression. Brown bears in Finland are largely crepuscular, most active at dawn and dusk, and their feeding patterns were carefully monitored throughout the night.
The visit coincided with the tail end of the mating season, which runs from mid-May to early July. Female bears prepare for winter hibernation by consuming energy-rich foods to build fat reserves essential for survival during the cold months and birthing cubs in the den. Males typically leave once cubs are born and may display infanticidal behavior to induce another breeding cycle.
Beyond bear watching, the region offers additional natural and cultural attractions. Visitors can explore lakeside trails on fatbikes, encounter reindeer herds and moose, and visit notable prehistoric sites such as the Värikallio Rock Paintings in Hossa National Park. These ancient petroglyphs depict animals, hunting scenes, and spiritual rituals, providing insight into the region’s deep human history.
The remote wilderness of eastern Finland offers a unique environment where brown bears continue to thrive, providing a rare and humbling wildlife experience. Efforts to balance tourism with conservation highlight the challenges and opportunities of preserving these iconic animals in Europe’s northern forests.