Massachusetts voters will decide on Ballot Question 3, a proposal to eliminate political party primaries for state elections and replace them with a “top-two” system in which the two candidates receiving the most votes advance to the general election, regardless of party affiliation.

Supporters of the measure argue that it would increase voter choice and shift decisive electoral contests to November, when voter turnout typically rises. Danielle Allen, a Harvard professor and former candidate for governor, has emerged as a prominent advocate for the reform. Allen cited experiences from California and Washington, where similar systems have been implemented. She noted that these changes led to greater legislative diversity and improved success rates for challengers seeking office.

Municipal elections and presidential contests would not be affected under the proposed system. Proponents maintain the reform could encourage a broader range of voices in the legislature and foster a more representative government by moving away from the current party-controlled primary model.

Opponents, including local officials and some progressive leaders such as Congresswoman Ayanna Pressley, have expressed concerns about the measure’s potential unintended consequences. Critics fear that the “top-two” format might limit general election choices, possibly resulting in two candidates from the same party competing against each other. Such outcomes could disproportionately impact working-class and minority candidates by narrowing electoral diversity.

The debate also touches on broader issues surrounding equity, campaign finance, and voter engagement. Supporters argue that the reform could reduce political gatekeeping and the influence of party establishments, while detractors worry about weakening party infrastructure and its role in mobilizing voters.

Former governors and bipartisan figures have thrown their weight behind the proposal, emphasizing the need to modernize the primary system and create elections that better reflect the electorate’s preferences.

As Massachusetts prepares for the November vote, advocates urge voters to consider the potential for a more inclusive and competitive political process, while opponents caution against disruptions that could undermine minority representation and party cohesion.