Extreme heat is increasing pregnancy risks, survey finds

By the Editorial Team · Tuesday, October 6, 2026

A survey of 1,000 health professionals across multiple countries has found a notable rise in pregnancy complications and adverse newborn outcomes linked to increasing temperatures and heat exposure. With rising global temperatures exacerbating risks such as preterm birth and maternal hypertension, Wellcome is investing £20 million in research and urging the inclusion of pregnant women’s needs in climate adaptation and healthcare policies.

A recent survey of 1,000 health professionals from countries including the United Kingdom, Zimbabwe, Australia, Brazil, and India has revealed a significant increase in pregnancy-related complications linked to rising temperatures. Conducted by Wellcome, a major global scientific funding organization, the poll found that nearly three-quarters of respondents had observed more heat-related health issues in pregnant women over the past five years. Additionally, more than 75 percent reported adverse effects on fetal or newborn health associated with extreme heat exposure.

The findings underscore a growing consensus in medical research that heat can contribute to a range of negative pregnancy outcomes. These include congenital abnormalities, stillbirths, preterm deliveries, and increased risk of maternal hypertension. Separate studies cited by the survey indicate that for each 1 degree Celsius rise in ambient temperature, the likelihood of preterm birth rises by approximately 4 percent. Heatwave conditions have also been linked to a 25 percent greater risk of obstetric complications.

Health experts emphasize that extreme heat is a relative measure, affecting pregnant women and their babies not only in traditionally hot regions but also in more temperate climates. This expands the geographic scope of risk as global temperatures continue to climb.

As the COP31 climate summit approaches, Wellcome is investing around £20 million into research aimed at understanding the mechanisms behind heat-related pregnancy risks and developing strategies to mitigate them. The organization has called on governments to incorporate the specific needs of pregnant women and newborns into national climate adaptation and healthcare plans. It is also advocating for the World Health Organization to issue its first clinical guidelines addressing heat exposure during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Furthermore, integration of heat-related indicators into health monitoring and early-warning systems is urged to better track impacts on maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Julia Gillard, chair of Wellcome and former prime minister of Australia, highlighted the urgency of the issue, stating that no woman should have to fear for her baby’s health as global temperatures rise. “Pregnant women must not be invisible as temperatures rise across the globe due to our changing climate. Leaders have the evidence they need — now they must act,” she said.

The survey also identified challenges beyond direct health impacts. Over one-quarter of respondents noted that extreme heat is creating practical barriers, making it more difficult for pregnant women and families to travel to or access healthcare. Nearly 30 percent of professionals reported a rise in emergency admissions linked to heat exposure. Common complications observed include low birthweight, restricted fetal growth, dehydration, heat-related illness in newborns, and difficulties with feeding, breathing, and temperature regulation.

Demand for improved resources and training is widespread among healthcare providers. More than 90 percent expressed a need for enhanced support to protect pregnant women during periods of extreme heat, while 55 percent called for clearer national or international guidance to help them deliver better care under these conditions.

This article was reported by synthesizing coverage from multiple independent news outlets to present a balanced, unbiased account. Read about our editorial standards. Spotted an error? Let us know.