Fast Food Chains Gain Popularity and Cultural Exchange Between US and China

By the Editorial Team · Monday, September 21, 2026

American fast-food chains like McDonald’s and Popeyes are rapidly expanding their presence in China, while Chinese brands such as Mixue are increasingly entering the U.S. market. This growing culinary exchange serves as a form of cultural diplomacy that fosters consumer connection despite ongoing political and economic tensions between the two countries.

American fast-food chains are expanding rapidly across China, while Chinese brands are increasingly testing the U.S. market, reflecting a growing cultural exchange amid broader geopolitical tensions. This exchange underscores a form of “gastro-diplomacy” that bridges the two nations through everyday consumer experiences despite ongoing disagreements over tariffs, technology, and Taiwan.

The immense customer base in China, with a population roughly four times that of the United States, attracts American chains seeking growth opportunities. Recent entrants such as Popeyes and Five Guys have been well received by Chinese consumers, who view these brands as affordable indulgences. Established firms are also deepening their presence; McDonald’s plans to open 1,000 additional outlets in China this year, targeting a total of 10,000 restaurants by 2028. Burger King, present since 2005, aims to triple its store count to 4,000 by 2035, while Church’s Texas Chicken has launched its first location in Shanghai, with plans for at least 600 more across the country. Wendy’s projects opening 1,000 locations over the next decade.

American fast-food pioneers first entered China decades ago. KFC opened its first mainland Chinese restaurant in Beijing in 1987, quickly becoming a symbol of modernity and quality. McDonald’s and Pizza Hut followed in 1990. Today, China represents KFC’s largest market globally. These brands have adapted menus to local tastes, offering items like egg tarts and congee alongside traditional Western fare.

China’s inland cities are now key targets for foreign chains, extending beyond the coastal hubs. However, the market remains highly competitive, and many American companies partner with Chinese firms to manage real estate, navigate regulations, and mitigate financial risks. Menu customization is essential, balancing American brand identity with Chinese culinary preferences.

Meanwhile, several Chinese fast-food and beverage companies are embarking on U.S. expansion. Mixue, one of the world’s largest chains by store count with over 53,000 locations globally, opened its first three U.S. outlets in December. Enthusiastic customers lined up in New York for offerings such as soft-serve ice cream and milk tea with traditional toppings like taro balls and coconut jelly. Mixue plans to open at least two dozen more stores across multiple states. Since 2023, at least nine other Chinese brands—primarily specializing in drinks and snacks—have entered the American market.

Observers note that this two-way flow of culinary brands functions as a low-key form of cultural diplomacy. Consumer engagement with each other’s food and beverage products offers a safe, accessible conduit for cultural exchange, softening the impact of political and economic friction. For example, the scheduled state dinner between U.S. President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping, while not publicly detailed, highlights mutual familiarity with simple popular fare. Xi notably once visited a Beijing steamed-bun restaurant and quickly became known for enjoying affordable local dishes, while Trump’s fondness for fast food is widely documented.

In a climate of sharp political differences, fast food has become an unlikely but potent symbol of connection and influence between the world’s two largest economies.

This article was reported by synthesizing coverage from multiple independent news outlets to present a balanced, unbiased account. Read about our editorial standards. Spotted an error? Let us know.