Japan’s efforts to fill critical shortages in healthcare and care work continue to attract foreign workers from the Philippines, despite growing challenges related to economic conditions and immigration policies. In April, Japan’s embassy in the Philippines reopened applications for 350 healthcare positions—50 for nurses and 300 for care workers—offering three- to four-year placements, free Japanese-language lessons both in the Philippines and Japan, and a daily training allowance. The initiative highlights Japan’s ongoing demand for foreign labor even as the government, under Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi, faces political pressure to tighten immigration controls.
Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare projects a need for about 2.72 million care workers by 2040, an increase of roughly 570,000 compared to 2022. However, a think tank has warned that if current trends continue, the country could face a shortfall of nearly one million foreign workers in these roles by that time.
Filipino workers already residing in Japan attest to the tension between the country’s labor needs and the financial and regulatory hurdles that complicate long-term settlement. Job Galutan Andawey, a licensed nurse who arrived in Japan six years ago under the Japan-Philippines Economic Partnership Agreement, said rising living costs, stagnant wages, and increased visa fees have made saving difficult. “I chose Japan because I was influenced by Japanese culture,” Andawey said. “But if I cannot stay, I am considering moving to Europe or the Middle East.”
Economic concerns appear to outweigh worries about immigration policy changes or societal attitudes for some migrants. Alyssa Manalo, a PhD student at Hiroshima University specializing in Filipino migration issues, noted that many recent arrivals prioritize completing contracts and saving money to return home rather than pursuing permanent residency. Manalo also said that reported anti-foreigner sentiment seems limited to a vocal minority and that most foreigners who adhere to local customs encounter little discrimination.
Language proficiency requirements are a notable factor affecting retention and integration. Amanda*, a software programmer who moved to Japan in 2022, described anxiety over the company’s request that she achieve higher levels of the Japanese-Language Proficiency Test beyond what is needed for full-time employment. Similarly, licensed care worker Catherine Ogalesco, who has been in Japan nearly nine years, expressed concern about proposed increases in the income threshold for permanent residency applications, which would rise from 3 million yen to 5.75 million yen annually—a level higher than what most foreign workers currently earn.
Despite these challenges, some workers remain committed to staying in Japan. Ogalesco emphasized that she still feels safe and financially comfortable, even as rules evolve. “Even with the changes, I would still choose to stay and work here in Japan,” she said.
*Name changed to protect interviewee’s identity.