As autumn arrives in Europe, travelers looking for budget-friendly destinations may find October an ideal time to visit some of the continent’s lesser-known cities. With the summer peak season over and crowds thinning, this “shoulder season” offers opportunities for lower flight and accommodation costs, while allowing visitors to experience cultural sites without the usual hustle.

According to travel expert Laura Carden-Lovell of the UK-based Transfer Travel, prices for flights and hotels tend to decrease significantly in this period. However, she advises visitors to consider transportation expenses within their chosen cities, recommending walkable locations for easy and inexpensive exploration. Car rental rates also typically drop during the shoulder season compared to summer months.

Social media has contributed to the rising popularity of certain European cities, particularly those in the Balkans, by showcasing their attractions on platforms like TikTok and Instagram. This visibility has encouraged more travelers to seek out these destinations.

Among the cities highlighted for autumn visits is Tirana, the capital of Albania. Known for its vibrant atmosphere and rich history combining communist and Ottoman influences, Tirana offers several key sites such as Skanderbeg Square, the city’s central plaza. Visitors can explore lively neighborhoods like Blloku, famous for its cafes. The Dajti Ekspres cable car provides scenic views from the edge of Dajti Mountain National Park for approximately £15 (RM81) round trip, with park entry free of charge.

Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina’s capital, is noted for its historic Old Town market, mosques, and Pigeon Square centered on the famous wooden Sebilj fountain. The city is recognized as affordable and suitable for leisurely exploration, with many free walking tours available that showcase its cultural and historical highlights.

Sofia, Bulgaria’s capital, offers a blend of architectural interest, including its notable cathedrals, Roman ruins, and historic thermal baths. The city’s tram network provides an economical way to navigate the area. Flights to Sofia may also be more competitively priced during this period thanks to budget carriers.

In Northern Europe, Tallinn in Estonia has gained attention for its UNESCO World Heritage-listed Old Town, characterized by medieval streets and colorful buildings. Visitors are encouraged to explore Telliskivi Creative City, a modern cultural hub with independent cafes, art spaces, and bars. Experiencing a traditional Estonian sauna is recommended as part of immersing in local culture, especially as temperatures cool.

Riga, Latvia’s capital, offers a medieval town center easily explored on foot, featuring landmarks such as St Peter’s Church, which has an observation tower providing panoramic city views for a small fee. The city has a growing culinary scene, with local delicacies like Latvian honey cake attracting food enthusiasts. Public transportation is affordable, and numerous independent coffee shops add to the city’s charm.

For travelers seeking a blend of affordability, culture, and less crowded environments, these five European cities present attractive options for autumn visits.