Books purchased from thrift stores, garage sales, or secondhand sources can sometimes harbor unwelcome pests or odors, prompting readers to seek effective methods for remediation. Among these, freezing has emerged as a practical approach to eliminate insects such as book lice and silverfish, as well as reduce unpleasant smells.

Logan Spurgeon, an author who began freezing books after acquiring several with noticeable odors from a thrift store, shared his discovery of this method while researching ways to deodorize old books. Spurgeon explained that freezing not only kills pests found between pages and near bindings but also helps address associated odors. His subsequent video on the subject garnered considerable attention, revealing that many people were previously unaware of the existence of book lice or the freezing technique for pest control.

Kristi Westberg, interim head of preservation and conservation at the Huntington Library, Art Museum and Botanical Gardens in California, confirmed that freezing is an effective means of eradicating infestations. She advised placing books inside sealed bags before freezing to prevent condensation and protect food from contamination. Westberg recommends freezing books for at least three days, extending to up to six days for thorough treatment. In cases of severe infestation, a second freeze may be necessary, as insect eggs can sometimes survive the initial process and hatch later.

Beyond pest control, maintaining appropriate storage conditions is essential to preserving books. Fluctuating temperature and humidity, commonly found in attics, basements, or garages, can encourage mold growth, which in turn attracts book lice. Westberg suggests maintaining a stable environment with temperatures between 60 and 77 degrees Fahrenheit and relative humidity levels of 40% to 60%.

For books of special value or sentimental importance, archival boxes can offer additional protection. Jeff Peachey, a book conservator based in New York, recommends custom-made archival boxes as an effective way to shield books from light exposure, environmental changes, and physical damage. These boxes, available through specialized vendors, provide a straightforward method to extend a book’s lifespan.

Mike Savage, quality and innovation manager at Housing Works Bookstore in New York City, oversees the evaluation of donated secondhand books. He noted that books with visible mold or water damage—indicated by discoloration, swelling, or stuck-together pages—are removed from sale and recycled. While fading from sunlight is also common, a musty or mildew-like smell accompanied by visible spotting may indicate moisture exposure and should be carefully considered.

For those discovering indie bookshelves or secondhand collections, simple household freezing offers a convenient way to address pests and odors, helping protect cherished books for years to come.