Haze conditions in Malaysia could significantly disrupt the migration patterns and survival of migratory birds traversing the region, according to Dr. Vincent Chow, adviser to the Malaysian Nature Society Johor. The impact is expected to be particularly serious if poor air quality persists during the peak migration season.
Dr. Chow explained that migratory birds in the region generally fall into two categories: inland species that travel between forested areas and coastal species that follow the coastline. These birds use the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, a migration route spanning thousands of kilometers from northern breeding grounds to southern destinations such as New Zealand, before returning north with their offspring in the spring.
Haze-induced reductions in visibility could impair birds’ navigation abilities, potentially forcing them to delay travel, deviate from established flight paths, or make additional stops along the way. This interruption could cause birds to expend more energy, a critical factor considering the strenuous nature of long-distance migration.
In addition to navigational difficulties, Dr. Chow noted that haze could adversely affect food availability. Many migratory species rely on insects and other visual cues to forage, and haze can reduce prey populations as well as the birds’ ability to locate food. The combination of reduced food supplies and increased energy expenditure during extended flights could threaten the birds’ survival.
Apart from the immediate effects on the birds themselves, the smoke and fires causing haze may also damage important habitats like wetlands and forests that serve as vital stopover points. These areas provide resting and feeding opportunities necessary for birds to replenish energy reserves before continuing their journeys.
Dr. Chow emphasized that the overall impact would vary depending on the severity and duration of the haze, as well as the species involved and their specific migration routes. He underscored the importance of conserving and protecting forests, wetlands, and other critical habitats to mitigate the risks posed to migratory birds by worsening haze conditions.
Efforts to maintain clean air and preserve natural stopover sites remain key strategies in ensuring the survival of migratory bird populations that depend on the East Asian-Australasian Flyway.