Public health experts in Malaysia recommend the use of N95 respirators during haze events, emphasizing their superior ability to filter fine particulate matter compared to standard surgical masks. The advice comes amid ongoing concerns over air quality and the health risks associated with exposure to haze-related pollutants.
Prof. Dr. Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh, a public health specialist at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, highlighted that while many people opt for surgical masks during haze, these masks are not designed to provide a tight seal around the face and therefore may not effectively filter out particles measuring 2.5 micrometres or smaller (PM2.5). She advised that genuine, certified N95, KN95, or KF94 respirators that fit properly are more effective, capable of filtering at least 94% to 95% of fine airborne particles when worn correctly. In contrast, surgical masks, handkerchiefs, and bandanas offer limited protection, with loose fabrics allowing particles to pass through, although a damp cloth could offer minimal emergency use.
Similarly, Prof. Dr. Victor Hoe, an occupational health expert from Universiti Malaya, stressed the importance of a good fit in respirators to prevent contaminated air from leaking through gaps around the nose, cheeks, or chin. He noted that facial hair can interfere with the mask’s seal, reducing its protective effectiveness. Dr. Hoe also pointed out that while respirators provide better filtration, they can increase breathing resistance, potentially causing discomfort or difficulty for individuals with respiratory conditions. He urged those who must remain outdoors for extended periods, such as delivery personnel and outdoor workers, to consult respiratory or occupational health specialists for guidance.
Beyond mask usage, both specialists recommended minimizing exposure to polluted air by avoiding areas with high air pollutant index levels, spending more time indoors in cleaner settings, and reducing indoor sources of air pollution. Staying hydrated and keeping cool were also advised as supportive measures during haze conditions.
The health risks posed by PM2.5 particulate matter are significant, according to Dr. Hoe. These tiny particles are roughly 30 times smaller than the diameter of a human hair, enabling them to penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream. Exposure can lead to respiratory symptoms such as coughing, sore throat, rhinitis, wheezing, and chest tightness, while exacerbating pre-existing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Vulnerable groups include children, the elderly, and individuals with heart or lung conditions. The experts underscored the need for appropriate protective measures to mitigate these health impacts as haze episodes continue to affect air quality in the region.