Zambia’s President Hakainde Hichilema was sworn in for a second term on September 1, pledging to build on the economic progress made during his first tenure amid a backdrop of political tension following last month’s elections. The ceremony, held at a stadium in Lusaka, drew thousands of supporters clad in the red colors of Hichilema’s United Party for National Development (UPND), as well as a limited number of African leaders.
Hichilema, 64, secured 60% of the vote in the August 13 election, according to official tallies, defeating former provincial government minister Brian Mundubile, 55, who received 38%. The election process was marked by allegations from opposition groups of intimidation, biased treatment favoring the incumbent administration, and restrictions on opposition activities, raising concerns about Zambia’s democratic practices in the copper-rich nation.
In his inaugural address, Hichilema highlighted the economic turnaround achieved during his first term, which was characterized by a shift from sovereign debt default in 2020 to improved fiscal stability. Market-oriented reforms under his leadership have resulted in reduced inflation and increased foreign reserves. Additionally, he abolished the death penalty and introduced free primary and secondary education. Despite these advances, critics argue that tangible benefits have yet to reach a majority of Zambians, more than 70% of whom live on less than three dollars a day, according to World Bank data.
Acknowledging ongoing challenges, including the cost of living, Hichilema said his next five-year mandate would focus on transitioning from economic stabilization to broad-based growth and opportunity for all citizens.
The election aftermath has been marked by significant unrest within the opposition. Mundubile, leader of the National Republican Party for Unity and Progress (NRPUP), went into hiding after security forces raided his home on August 14, citing concerns about a suspected militia posing a national security threat. The NRPUP has denied these allegations. During the operation, a former cabinet minister was killed and 11 of Mundubile’s associates were arrested. Mundubile and his running mate, Makebi Zulu, surrendered to authorities on August 27 and were subsequently charged with treason, charges they have publicly rejected.
Speaking at the ceremony, Hichilema urged for unity and peaceful political engagement, stating that while political competition is an inherent aspect of democracy, it should never endanger the country’s peace and stability. “It takes courage to offer oneself for public service…but it should never reach the point where it becomes a matter between life or death,” he said, appealing for calm and respect across political divides.
Zambia’s economy, which depends heavily on copper exports that account for roughly 70% of foreign earnings, continues to face challenges amid global commodity price fluctuations. China remains a key investor and creditor in the country’s mining sector, underscoring Zambia’s ongoing strategic economic ties.