Since the Houthis seized control of Yemen’s capital, the country has lacked a clear political framework, leaving its citizens uncertain whether they are governed by a monarchy, republic, or imamate. Historically, Yemen has experienced all three systems, but the current governance under the armed Houthi movement, which combines military force with religious doctrine, defies traditional political categorizations.

The Houthis' rise has sparked questions about their legitimacy and intentions, especially given their claims to Zaydi religious heritage. Yemen’s religious landscape is diverse, with followers of both Zaydi and Shafi’i schools worshipping together despite slight ritual differences. While the Houthis identify as Zaydis descended from Yemen’s historic imams, their political ideology contrasts with traditional Zaydism.

Zaydism, founded by Imam Zayd ibn Ali in the eighth century, has historically been characterized by moderation and pluralism. It combined Hanafi jurisprudence and Mu’tazilite theology, allowing for flexible notions of political leadership, including acceptance of rulers who were not the ideal candidates. Sources from major Zaydi scholars suggest that Imam Zayd himself did not explicitly reject the first two caliphs and viewed Ali ibn Abi Talib’s succession as a matter of religious knowledge rather than political authority.

However, the Houthi movement has diverged from this moderate tradition, becoming increasingly politicized and militarized. Their ideology, influenced in part by Islamist groups such as Hezbollah, departs from the original tenets of Zaydism and reflects a more partisan, militant posture. While the Houthis draw on Zaydi identity to justify their rule, their political actions do not align with the historical practices or teachings of Imam Zayd or Yemen's early imamate traditions.

This disconnect is particularly relevant in the context of the strategically vital Bab el-Mandeb strait, one of the world’s most important maritime chokepoints located at the southern end of the Red Sea. Some analysts question the feasibility and legitimacy of the Houthis extending control over this critical international waterway. Without formal recognition, their ability to impose authority over Bab el-Mandeb or threaten maritime traffic appears limited and reminiscent of failed pirate-controlled waters elsewhere, such as off the coast of Somalia.

Ultimately, observers argue that the Houthis’ claim to Zaydi heritage does not legitimize their political ambitions nor justify attempts to dominate Yemen or vital regional maritime routes. Traditional Zaydism emphasizes religious worship, social coexistence, and a nuanced approach to political authority, none of which supports the current Houthi-led military occupation or their expansionist objectives.