Thousands of Iranian pilgrims have crossed into Iraq to participate in the annual Arbaeen pilgrimage, one of the most significant events in Shia Islam. Under intense heat, many wore black and carried portraits of Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei as they entered through the al-Zurbatiyah border crossing.

Arbaeen commemorates the 40th day of mourning for Imam Hussein, the grandson of the Prophet Mohammed and a central figure in Shia religious history, who was martyred in the 7th century. The pilgrimage draws millions of devotees from across the region every year.

This year’s gathering comes amid escalating regional tensions following recent military strikes, which have heightened conflict dynamics in Iraq and the wider Middle East. Some pilgrims expressed their political sentiments during the procession, with demonstrations that included stamping on images of U.S. President Donald Trump and making victory signs.

Amir, a 55-year-old pickup driver who has attended Arbaeen ceremonies in Iraq for several years, noted the atmosphere differed markedly this time. He said the pilgrimage took place against the backdrop of active conflict and attacks perceived as being carried out by the United States. “Now, the United States is attacking us… yet this crowd has left everything behind” to take part in the religious observances, he said.

The pilgrimage illustrates the deep religious and cultural significance of Arbaeen for Shia Muslims, even as it unfolds amid renewed geopolitical tensions. Iraq continues to be a focal point for competing regional and international interests, with the Arbaeen event drawing both devotion and scrutiny in the context of ongoing instability.