Fourteen years after a series of communal attacks targeting the Buddhist community in Ramu, Cox’s Bazar, survivors continue to grapple with fear and trauma amid ongoing delays in delivering justice. The violence, which erupted in 2012, involved the burning and looting of Buddhist temples, homes, and cultural artifacts, causing lasting disruption to the local community.
The unrest was reportedly triggered by allegations against Uttam Barua, a local deed writer, who was accused of posting offensive content on Facebook that demeaned Islam. These claims were later found to be fabricated. Following mounting tension on the evening of the violence, thousands gathered in Ramu, chanting slogans that rapidly escalated into coordinated attacks against temples and residences. The violence spread beyond Ramu, affecting Hindu and Buddhist properties in surrounding areas such as Khurushkul, Kharulia, Ukhiya, and Teknaf upazilas.
During the attacks, around 12 houses and a Buddhist temple in Barua Para were burned, and multiple Buddhist monasteries, including 12 ancient temples, were set ablaze. In addition to the destruction of homes, Tripitaka manuscripts and over 300 Buddha statues were looted or destroyed. Residents recalled fleeing their homes with few possessions and living temporarily in tents while rebuilding efforts commenced.
Despite physical reconstruction, the community’s sense of insecurity remains strong. Several financially secure families have reportedly relocated abroad, citing ongoing fears for their safety. Uttam Barua’s family, despite declaring innocence, remains fearful, and his whereabouts remained unknown for several years until a recent social media post indicated he is now residing in France.
Legal efforts to address the attacks have made little headway. Fourteen cases were filed in connection with the violence, but none have reached verdicts. Prosecution efforts have been hindered by difficulties in securing witnesses for court proceedings. During a period of interim government, four cases were withdrawn. Additionally, two writ petitions filed with the High Court in 2012, which sought accountability for the perpetrators and negligent local officials, remain unresolved.
Investigations initiated following High Court directives revealed significant administrative failures. Probe reports identified hundreds of individuals involved in the planning and execution of the attacks, some of which were organized at least ten days in advance. The reports also highlighted shortcomings by local police and intelligence agencies during the incidents. Police have submitted multiple charge sheets naming 385 suspects; however, the documents exclude any local law enforcement or administrative officials. Some opposition party activists and leaders were among those named.
Authorities have stated that they intend to resume proceedings after the reopening of the courts. Meanwhile, advocates for the Buddhist community emphasize that without judicial resolution, the survivors’ fear and trauma will continue to affect their daily lives. Bhante Pragyananda Bhikkhu, head of the Cox’s Bazar District Buddhist Protection Council, underscored the community’s ongoing insecurity, linking it directly to the stalled justice process.
As the 14th anniversary of the Ramu violence passes, the incident remains a somber reminder of the long-lasting impact communal violence can have on minority communities, underscoring the challenges of reconciliation and accountability in such contexts.