As Alberta prepares for a referendum on October 19 that could initiate a process toward independence from Canada, proponents of separation remain divided over the region's future governance but united in their dissatisfaction with the federal government. The ballot’s critical question asks voters whether they wish to remain part of Canada or begin a legal procedure to hold a binding referendum on separation later.

Keith Wilson, leader of the separatist group Let Alberta Decide, describes himself as a pragmatist within the movement, emphasizing a balanced role for government. Wilson advocates using the referendum as leverage to address longstanding grievances with Ottawa rather than an immediate push for independence. “We need to gain leverage to have discussions with the federal government and try to address some of the long-standing grievances,” he said, urging voters to support the option that initiates the legal process for separation, even if they do not back full independence.

Wilson acknowledged ideological diversity among separatists, noting differing views on the size and scope of government. He rejected extreme libertarianism, instead favoring government involvement to ensure economic stability. “The common theme across the board is that Canada is no longer working for Alberta, and that Alberta can do better by redefining its constitutional relationship,” he said.

Others within the movement express more strongly libertarian or localist views. Mitch Sylvestre, a gun store owner and vocal separatist, supports smaller government and increased local control. Sylvestre expressed opposition to firearms restrictions introduced in recent years, favoring expanded oil and gas development while advocating for environmental stewardship in specific areas, such as water protection and limiting agricultural pesticides. Grounded in Christian beliefs, he emphasized that rights are God-given and cautioned against governments that may infringe on freedoms.

Jeff Rath, another prominent separatist and organizer behind the referendum petition, did not comment. He is facing multiple lawsuits related to his previous work representing First Nations in land claim disputes, with potential damages exceeding $100 million.

Historically, Alberta’s separatist sentiment has been linked to its distinct ideological culture, with observers noting that the Canadian Prairies often reflect a blend of laissez-faire capitalism and paleoconservatism. Some separatists view Alberta, Saskatchewan, and rural British Columbia as sharing more in common with certain U.S. states known for valuing individual freedom than with central Canadian provinces. However, there is general opposition among separatists to the idea of Alberta joining the United States as a 51st state.

Though support for separatism appeared to fluctuate in recent months, polls suggest roughly 20 percent of Albertans favor leaving Canada. Meanwhile, political support has shifted, with the United Conservative Party, which proposed the referendum, losing ground to the provincial NDP. The federal government, led by Prime Minister Mark Carney, has attempted to ease tensions by proposing expedited oil pipeline projects and moderating climate policies, which some separatists acknowledge has dampened momentum for independence.

Wilson compared the current separatist position to the federal Liberals’ standing shortly before their last election victory, cautioning against overconfidence despite challenges. “You have to approach these things as though you’re not winning,” he said, underscoring the uncertain path ahead for Alberta’s potential separation.