Nearly 1,500 migrants from Myanmar arrived back in their home country on Sunday after departing Malaysia earlier this week under a repatriation arrangement that has drawn scrutiny from international observers. The migrants, who were transported by Myanmar Navy vessels, disembarked at a naval base in Thanlyin, near Yangon, where they underwent immigration and health screenings at a Buddhist monastery hall, according to journalists present at the site.

The Myanmar government reported that a total of 1,476 individuals returned on the ships that left Malaysia on Tuesday. This group represents the initial phase of a larger plan agreed upon by Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim and Myanmar authorities, under which approximately 5,000 migrants are expected to be repatriated.

The repatriation comes amid ongoing conflict and instability within Myanmar following the military coup in 2021, which has plunged the country into civil war. The United Nations has expressed serious reservations about the safety and voluntariness of these returns, emphasizing that conditions in Myanmar currently do not meet international standards for safe repatriation. Observers and rights groups argue that many migrants may have felt compelled to accept repatriation due to their detention circumstances in Malaysia, challenging claims that their return was entirely voluntary.

Malaysian officials maintain that all returnees consented to repatriation willingly while detained. Meanwhile, Myanmar’s government last month assured that the returning migrants would be treated with safety and dignity upon their arrival. Nevertheless, the opaque nature of the repatriation process and ongoing conflict within Myanmar have raised questions about the protection of the migrants’ rights and well-being once they return.

This repatriation effort highlights the complex challenges faced by both Malaysia and Myanmar in managing migration flows linked to prolonged instability in Myanmar, and underscores international concerns regarding the treatment and rights of displaced populations in the region.