The increasing density of satellites in Earth’s orbit has raised concerns about the impact on the night sky, prompting calls for innovative approaches to satellite deployment and management. Anatolii Papulov, co-founder and CEO of NewOrbit, highlighted an alternative that could alleviate the problem while maintaining the essential benefits satellites provide.
Satellite congestion in higher orbits has led to a buildup of space debris, which threatens both the operational integrity of space assets and the visibility of stars from the ground. While satellites are indispensable for modern communications, navigation, and numerous other services, the accumulation of defunct spacecraft poses long-term challenges.
Papulov advocates for the use of Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO), situated roughly 200 to 300 kilometers above the Earth, as a viable solution. Unlike satellites operating in higher orbits where derelict satellites and debris can persist for decades, those in VLEO experience substantial atmospheric drag that causes them to naturally deorbit and burn up upon re-entry. This characteristic effectively reduces the risk of persistent space debris, offering a "self-cleaning" orbital environment.
Operating at lower altitudes also has additional advantages, including the potential for enhanced satellite imagery due to the closer proximity to Earth’s surface. However, sustained satellite operation in VLEO requires overcoming technical challenges related to atmospheric friction and limited orbital lifetimes.
NewOrbit is developing technologies aimed at enabling longer-term missions in VLEO, which could help balance the continued expansion of satellite services with the preservation of the night sky for future generations. Papulov emphasized that the discussion should not be about halting satellite deployment but rather about adopting sustainable practices that protect both space and terrestrial interests.
As the satellite population grows, experts and industry leaders continue to explore such alternatives to mitigate debris accumulation and ensure the long-term viability of orbital environments critical to numerous sectors worldwide.