One year after a ceasefire agreement was reached in Gaza on October 10, 2025, the humanitarian situation remains dire, with ongoing violence, severe shortages, and limited progress on reconstruction and peace efforts. Despite the truce intended to bring relief following two years of conflict, Palestinians in Gaza continue to face deadly Israeli strikes, restricted access to essential aid, and a collapsing healthcare system.
Humanitarian and rights organizations report that over the past 12 months, more than 1,400 Palestinians, including hundreds of children, have been killed by Israeli forces. Nearly two million people remain displaced, many living in overcrowded and unsafe shelters as roughly 80 percent of Gaza’s infrastructure has been damaged, with about two-thirds of buildings destroyed or severely compromised. The destruction extends to medical facilities: only about half of Gaza’s 36 hospitals are partially operational, leaving thousands of patients, particularly children, waiting for urgent care.
The approaching winter has raised additional concerns about the conditions for displaced families, who face exposure to cold weather and the risk of flooding in makeshift shelters. Humanitarian groups emphasize that restrictions imposed by Israel on the entry of construction materials and medical supplies hinder recovery and reconstruction efforts. An estimated $71.4 billion is needed to rebuild Gaza, but the process has barely begun amid stalled negotiations.
The ceasefire, brokered under the framework of U.S. President Donald Trump’s peace plan, has yet to see full implementation of key provisions, including the disarmament of Hamas, a complete Israeli military withdrawal, and a reconstruction process supported by an international stabilization force. Both sides point to continuing violations: Palestinian authorities accuse Israel of regularly breaching the ceasefire lines and exerting control over more territory than agreed, while Israeli officials blame Hamas for maintaining its armed status and engaging in hostile activities.
The Israeli military describes its operations as targeted efforts to remove threats and protect civilians and troops, asserting compliance with the ceasefire. However, reports indicate that Israeli military incursions have caused casualties and displacement, fueling fears among Gaza residents. Gaza-based medical personnel describe a persistent climate of insecurity and severe shortages of food, water, and medical resources. At the same time, violence in the West Bank has intensified, with over 1,100 Palestinians killed in confrontations with Israeli settlers and forces since the October 7 attacks three years ago.
International attention remains focused on Gaza’s humanitarian crisis, with calls for lifting aid restrictions, ensuring accountability for violations of international law, and advancing the stalled peace process. Observers express concern that the ongoing conflict and lack of progress risk deepening instability in the region while millions of Palestinians endure hardship without prospects for sustained relief.