The Trump administration unveiled a decade-long plan on Friday addressing the declining water levels of the Colorado River, with a focus on reducing California’s water allocation from the river. California, which depends on the Colorado River for about one-third of its water supply to Southern California’s urban areas and millions of acres of farmland, will face significant cutbacks under the new measures.

The Colorado River serves as a crucial resource for seven U.S. states, divided between the Upper Basin—Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, and New Mexico—and the Lower Basin—California, Arizona, and Nevada. The plan seeks to balance competing demands amid ongoing disputes between these states over water usage rights and allocation.

The Lower Basin states have argued that they have already implemented conservation measures and reduced consumption in response to the river’s decline. Conversely, Upper Basin states caution that further restrictions could hinder economic development and growth within their regions. Rising temperatures and prolonged drought conditions have exacerbated water shortages, intensifying tensions among the states reliant on the river.

Under the proposed plan, the Lower Basin states would bear a larger share of the immediate reductions. Collectively, California, Arizona, and Nevada could face mandatory cuts amounting to as much as 130 billion cubic feet of water by 2036. This volume of water is estimated to serve approximately 25 million people annually, highlighting the potential scale of impact on communities and agriculture.

JB Hamby, chairman of the Colorado River Board of California, has emphasized California’s significant dependence on the river, referring to the state’s “biggest stake” in its management. The administration’s strategy aims to address the urgent need to preserve the river’s viability while navigating existing interstate conflicts and environmental challenges.

The plan represents a critical effort to allocate diminishing water resources amid a changing climate, though the proposal’s distribution of cuts reflects ongoing debate over responsibility and sustainability in one of the nation’s most vital waterways.