Pope Leo appointed two prominent clergy members on Friday who have been vocal critics of former President Donald Trump’s immigration and racial policies, underscoring tensions between the Vatican’s stance and the previous U.S. administration.

Bishop Evelio Menjivar-Ayala, 55, was promoted from auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Washington to lead the Diocese of Wheeling-Charleston in West Virginia. Menjivar-Ayala’s personal history as an immigrant is notable; he was smuggled into the United States hidden inside a car trunk. He has openly urged Catholics to oppose what he describes as harsh treatment of immigrants under the Trump administration. Menjivar-Ayala succeeds Bishop Mark Brennan, who is retiring. Brennan, formerly responsible for recruiting priests in the Washington Archdiocese, played a crucial role in helping Menjivar legalize his immigration status years ago by facilitating his green card application.

The Pope also appointed the Rev. Robert Boxie III, 46, as a bishop, making him the youngest currently serving in the country. Boxie, who previously served as a chaplain at Howard University and holds a degree from Harvard Law School, has denounced attacks on diversity as both “un-American” and “un-Christian.” His advocacy on issues of racial equity has made him a prominent voice within the Church on matters of social justice.

The appointments highlight the Vatican’s ongoing emphasis on immigration reform and racial inclusion, areas that saw significant policy shifts and debate during the Trump administration. Both Menjivar-Ayala and Boxie have gained recognition for aligning their ministries with a more progressive approach to these issues, reflecting a broader agenda under Pope Leo to engage more actively with social justice concerns in the United States.