Automation is expanding across airports worldwide, moving beyond traditional applications like check-in and bag-drop to cover a wider range of functions including wheelchair assistance, cleaning, mowing, and cargo handling. This shift is driven by labour shortages and the ongoing pursuit of greater operational efficiency.
London’s Heathrow Airport is currently trialling autonomous robot wheelchairs aimed at assisting passengers with mobility needs. Developed by US company WHILL in partnership with the UK’s ABM, these wheelchairs use advanced sensors and autonomous navigation technology to transport passengers through Terminal 3 to their gates without human assistance. The initiative responds to a notable increase in demand for wheelchair services, with some flights having as many as 85 passengers requesting such assistance. Similarly, Amsterdam’s Schiphol Airport offers robot wheelchair services in multiple locations following passport control.
In Brisbane, Australia’s gateway airport has introduced four autonomous robotic mowers in designated “prescribed safe areas” to manage vegetation and reduce wildlife attraction near the airfield. The mowers operate within geofenced zones and physical barriers to ensure safety, eliminating any risk of straying onto runways. Brisbane Airport’s chief executive Gert-Jan de Graaff highlighted several benefits, including increased operational flexibility since these robots can mow day and night without disrupting air traffic. Furthermore, the initiative supports sustainability goals by potentially reducing diesel fuel consumption by approximately 60,000 litres annually. Though the robotic mowers are not intended to replace existing grounds staff, they allow personnel to redirect their focus to other maintenance tasks.
Singapore’s Changi Airport has implemented a variety of robotic systems primarily focused on cleaning, waste management, and directing traffic rather than direct passenger interaction. Robots at Changi perform roles such as vacuuming, polishing, mopping spills, towing rubbish bins, and monitoring pick-up and drop-off zones, including areas within the adjacent Jewel shopping centre.
The use of humanoid robots has also taken hold in certain Asian airports. In China, humanoid robots have begun replacing humans in security, border inspection, and baggage handling roles. Japan is reportedly considering adopting similar technologies. In the United States, San Jose Mineta International Airport employs an AI-powered robot named Jose that can greet travelers and respond to inquiries in over 50 languages.
While the expansion of automation is evident, some Australian airports remain cautious. Melbourne Airport conducted a brief trial of autonomous cleaning robots in Terminal 2 but has not yet pursued more extensive robotic applications. Simon Westaway, chief executive of the Australian Airports Association, emphasized that technology plays an important role in enhancing passenger experiences, particularly in improving accessibility and supporting independent travel amidst rising passenger volumes.
Overall, airports worldwide are exploring robotics as part of a broader strategy to address labour challenges, improve efficiency, and enhance passenger services, with a mix of applications tailored to specific operational needs and environments.