Rotavirus remains a significant cause of illness and mortality among young children, particularly in areas with inadequate access to clean water and sanitation. According to Dr. Ong Sik Yong, a consultant paediatrician, gastroenterologist, and hepatologist at Sunway Medical Centre in Sunway City, the virus is primarily transmitted through contact with contaminated surfaces and poor hygiene practices.

Dr. Ong highlighted that rotavirus infections account for approximately 30% of hospital admissions among children under five years old. The virus often leads to severe gastroenteritis and dehydration, which can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Common symptoms include fever lasting two to three days, vomiting, and abdominal pain. He noted that infants under one year may not clearly display symptoms, and their distress may be misinterpreted by parents as minor discomfort.

Signs of severe dehydration, such as a lack of tears when crying, reduced urination, lethargy, dry mouth, and abnormal breathing, require urgent medical attention. Children exhibiting these symptoms should be taken immediately to a hospital for treatment.

Dr. Ong explained that there are five known strains of rotavirus, and reinfection with different strains is possible, though subsequent cases tend to present milder symptoms. Treatment for hospitalized children generally includes anti-vomiting medication, rehydration therapy, and probiotics to support gut health.

For children showing symptoms outside hospital settings, oral rehydration salts (ORS) remain a critical intervention. ORS contains glucose and essential salts to combat dehydration caused by diarrhoea and vomiting. Dr. Ong emphasized that ORS is preferable to isotonic drinks or sodium-containing soups when managing hydration at home. Even if the child is vomiting, frequent small amounts of water or ORS—administered every three to four hours via spoon or syringe—can help prevent fluid loss.

Prevention through vaccination is strongly advised. Dr. Ong recommended that infants receive the rotavirus vaccine by six weeks of age and no later than three and a half months. Administering the vaccine within this window reduces the risk of rare complications, such as intussusception, a condition where part of the bowel folds into another section.

Maintaining a clean environment and ensuring children consume boiled or purified water are also key preventive measures. While rotavirus infection can increase after flooding due to water contamination, Dr. Ong noted that in colder climates, infections may rise during winter months. He advised vigilance when using public restrooms during travel and emphasized thorough handwashing for children to reduce transmission risk.

Simple hygiene practices and timely vaccination remain vital tools in mitigating the impact of rotavirus on young children.