In a recent reflection on U.S. foreign policy and its implications for Europe, André Wilkens, Director of the European Cultural Foundation and Senior Fellow at the European University Institute, highlighted the lessons that Europe can draw from a speech given by U.S. Senator Marco Rubio in Athens. Wilkens’ commentary responds to Ivan Krastev’s earlier analysis, which drew parallels between Rubio’s visit and the legendary return of Odysseus to Ithaca.

Krastev’s argument emphasized that identity is proven through concrete actions rather than declarations, using the myth of Odysseus as an analogy. Odysseus establishes his identity by stringing a bow no one else can bend, proving his bond with Penelope through recognition of their unique bed, and signaling his return to his faithful old dog. These acts, rather than mere words, confirm who he is.

Building on this metaphor, Wilkens argues that Europe faces a similar challenge in establishing its identity and legitimacy. He questions how Europeans define their shared identity and unity, suggesting that Europe must do more than simply articulate its story. While narrative and confidence in that narrative are important, Wilkens maintains that political communities and democratic projects ultimately earn loyalty by delivering tangible benefits—security, prosperity, freedom, and opportunity—to their citizens.

Wilkens stresses that Europe’s sense of solidarity and relevance will not increase solely through improved self-explanation. Instead, it depends on effective institutions and the real-life experiences of its people. Respect for the rule of law, functioning democratic processes, and visible improvements in everyday life are crucial for fostering a meaningful European identity.

Furthermore, Wilkens highlights the importance of vision and direction. Europeans need not only to recognize past achievements but also to feel part of a shared and promising future. Confidence arises from a belief in ongoing progress and collective purpose, not just historical success.

Echoing Krastev’s metaphorical question about America’s “bow, bed, and dog,” Wilkens invites Europe to consider its own equivalents—what proof it offers to validate its promises and identity. The challenge for Europe lies in demonstrating through concrete outcomes and a clear path forward that it embodies the values and aspirations it proclaims.

Wilkens’ analysis calls on European leaders and citizens alike to focus on delivering measurable progress and building trust through action, reinforcing the idea that political legitimacy stems from results as much as from narrative.