A team of civil engineers at the University of Moratuwa in Sri Lanka has developed a novel water retention method using a soil-based building technique to create small-scale watering holes for wildlife during dry periods. The approach, dubbed “mud concrete,” combines traditional mud construction with a limited amount of cement to form sustainable ponds that blend naturally into the environment.

Led by Professor Rangika Halwathura and the group known as Pro-Green, the technology draws inspiration from the mud dauber wasp, which uses wet mud to construct its tubular nests. By mixing selected soil with a small proportion of cement, the team has created a durable base for ponds that can hold varying volumes of water. The method has been patented and is designed to support water flow into surrounding vegetation, promoting grass growth and providing a more natural habitat for animals.

Initial trials began at the Horowpathana National Elephant Holding Grounds with a 1,500-liter pond. Following successful results, larger ponds up to 7,000 liters were installed at Lunugamvehera and Bundala National Parks, with the most recent installation completed at Wilpattu National Park. The system includes water supplied via pipelines connected to nearby water sources, such as the Menik Ganga for Yala National Park and the Kala Oya for Wilpattu. Solar-powered pumps are used to draw water from these sources.

Professor Halwathura emphasized the integration of these ponds within wildlife parks to minimize the visual impact typical of concrete structures. He noted that, with sustained water flow, the adjacent areas become greener, encouraging animals to frequent these natural watering spots. The research team believes that ponds spaced approximately every 500 meters could be effective in supporting wildlife during dry spells.

The project has garnered support from the Sri Lanka Wildlife Department, including Director General Ranjan Marasinghe. Department staff have received training to assist in identifying optimal pond locations and maintaining the sites. Despite interest, the installation cost of laying pipelines—sometimes extending five kilometers from the water sources—remains a major challenge, alongside labor expenses.

Professor Halwathura suggested that locating water pumps near wildlife bungalows could enhance security and reduce the risk of equipment damage. He further noted that such ponds might help deter elephants from venturing into human settlements in search of water, potentially reducing human-wildlife conflict.

The engineer also pointed to the potential role of private sector support, advocating for corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives to fund the simultaneous deployment of ponds across multiple locations. Highlighting warnings of possible El Niño-related drought conditions, he stressed the urgency of preparing these water sources to safeguard wildlife.

In line with drought concerns, the Sri Lanka Wildlife Department has announced a temporary closure of blocks one and two of Yala National Park from September 14 to October 15, citing water scarcity. Officials hope that solutions like the mud-concrete ponds may help mitigate such closures by ensuring a more consistent water supply during dry seasons.