Three years into the conflict, Sudan is confronting what is described as the world’s largest humanitarian crisis, with approximately 34 million people in urgent need of assistance. The country’s health infrastructure is severely compromised, as nearly 37 percent of health facilities are non-functional. This has contributed to the rapid spread of diseases such as malaria, measles, and cholera, while acute malnutrition affects over 4 million people. Attacks on hospitals have been frequent, with at least 217 verified armed assaults on medical facilities, resulting in thousands of deaths caused both directly by violence and indirectly by unmet healthcare needs. Many families endure long and dangerous journeys seeking treatment amid the deteriorating conditions.

The protracted conflict pits two main military factions against each other: the ruling general and the opposition general, who contend for control of the country and its resources. Observers characterize the fighting not as a civil war but as a struggle driven primarily by the desire for power and control. Alongside internal actors, external powers have been implicated for their role in perpetuating the conflict by providing money and arms to the warring parties rather than promoting peace efforts.

Questions have been raised about the role of regional bodies, particularly the Arab League, regarding their capacity to mediate and resolve this crisis. Despite Sudan’s internal divisions, the conflict is noted as not having a sectarian basis, given that both leading generals share the same sectarian background. This has led to criticism over what some view as a lack of effective intervention from regional organizations and partners, especially considering the significant human toll and loss of resources in Sudan.

The crisis continues to unfold with widespread suffering among civilians and no clear resolution in sight, highlighting the complex interplay of internal rivalries and external involvement exacerbating the situation on the ground.