An independent review into mental health, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism in England has highlighted a significant increase in mental distress, particularly among young people. Published last week, the report challenges claims that widespread overdiagnosis is driving the surge in demand for mental health services.
The review’s chair, Professor Peter Fonagy, directly contradicted comments by former health secretary Wes Streeting, who had previously suggested that mental health conditions were being overdiagnosed. Mr. Streeting later acknowledged his error. Despite this, some political figures and commentators have continued to argue that the rise in young people seeking help stems largely from medicalizing normal emotional experiences. The review disputes this, presenting the increases in psychological distress and the need for neurodevelopmental assessments as real phenomena connected to broader social changes.
The findings stress that current mental health services and support for neurodevelopmental conditions like ADHD and autism are insufficient to meet growing needs. Waiting times have extended for many, often spanning years, and these delays are not fully captured in official data. This gap in service provision persists despite the policy principle of “parity of esteem,” introduced over a decade ago, which calls for mental health care to be treated with equal priority as physical health care.
The report underlines the challenges facing policymakers, particularly in the context of government fiscal constraints. One measure already endorsed by ministers is implementing stronger regulation over assessments for ADHD and autism, though details remain limited.
Experts and advocates stress the importance of recognizing the genuine rise in mental health problems and neurodevelopmental conditions rather than dismissing them as diagnostic excess. They emphasize the need for improved investment and resources to address growing demand and reduce long waiting lists. The review serves as a call for a more evidence-based and adequately funded approach to supporting mental well-being across the population, especially among young people experiencing heightened distress.