A longstanding antisemitic conspiracy theory has resurfaced in the rhetoric surrounding the current U.S. midterm election campaigns, according to critics who warn it echoes harmful narratives dating back centuries. This theory posits that a small group of Jews exerts secret control over societal institutions through financial or intellectual dominance. Historically, such ideas were propagated by forgeries like the "Protocols of the Elders of Zion," which later influenced Nazi propaganda and spread through various regions, including parts of the Arab and Muslim world.

Contemporary political discourse has seen this narrative rebranded, particularly within the Democratic Party, where some activists and candidates have shifted their focus to the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC). While these critics do not typically name Jews explicitly, they portray AIPAC as wielding disproportionate influence over U.S. policy. Figures such as Abdul El-Sayed in Michigan and Darializa Avila Chevalier in New York primaries have voiced opposition to AIPAC, accusing the organization of controlling Congress, supporting violence in Gaza, and pushing the United States toward conflict with Iran.

Supporters of AIPAC contend that the organization is a legitimate, grassroots lobbying group representing thousands of Americans who support Israel. Its membership spans various communities, including Jewish Americans and evangelical Christians. AIPAC’s activities, they emphasize, are transparent, involving annual gatherings in Washington where members openly advocate for congressional support of aid to Israel. The organization only established a political action committee after the advent of a progressive rival, J Street, which began endorsing candidates.

Despite its influence, AIPAC has not been able to dictate all U.S. foreign policy decisions. For instance, it was unable to prevent the Reagan administration from selling surveillance equipment to Saudi Arabia or the Obama administration’s agreement on Iran’s nuclear program.

The portrayal of AIPAC as a monolithic power gained traction about two decades ago, linked to claims – widely disputed – that the broader "Israel lobby" influenced the decision to invade Iraq. This narrative resonated with segments of the left-leaning Democratic base, which has grown increasingly critical of Israel over time.

The continued demonization of AIPAC, even among some progressive Jewish groups seeking acceptance within the party, has raised concerns about the potential resurgence of antisemitic sentiment. Observers note that such framing could have troubling implications for intercommunal relations and political discourse going forward.