Peripheral artery disease (PAD), a condition characterized by restricted blood flow to the limbs due to the buildup of plaque in leg arteries, may serve as an important indicator of broader cardiovascular risk. PAD commonly causes intermittent claudication—pain or cramping in the calf during walking that typically subsides with rest. In New Zealand, approximately 4% of individuals over the age of 55 experience symptomatic claudication, while up to 25% may have signs of arterial hardening without noticeable symptoms.

Despite its prevalence, PAD is frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated, particularly in women. Heather Gornik, medical director of the Women’s Cardiovascular Center at University Hospitals Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute in the United States, noted that cardiovascular disease is often mistakenly viewed as less common in women, contributing to disparities in diagnosis and treatment. Research indicates that women with PAD are less likely than men to exhibit classic claudication symptoms and often suffer a greater decline in mobility, walking speed, and endurance.

Without timely and appropriate management, PAD can lead to severe complications including slow-healing wounds, gangrene, and an increased likelihood of major cardiovascular events. The condition is associated with a sixfold higher risk of heart attack and a two- to threefold rise in stroke risk.

Healthcare professionals emphasize the importance of early detection. Simple clinical assessments, such as checking for pulses in the ankle, can provide a quick estimate of blood flow to the lower limbs. People experiencing leg pain, heaviness, or reduced mobility are encouraged to consult their general practitioner. Even individuals without clear symptoms may benefit from evaluation if they have risk factors for PAD or a history of cardiovascular disease.

Prompt identification and treatment of PAD can reduce the chance of serious outcomes, highlighting the need for greater awareness of the condition, particularly among women.