Israel’s government has enacted a law exempting ultra-Orthodox men from mandatory military service, a move seen as an attempt by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to secure support from ultra-Orthodox parties ahead of the upcoming elections scheduled for October 27. The legislation formalizes an exemption that had existed in practice for many years, allowing ultra-Orthodox men to continue dedicating their time primarily to religious study.

Netanyahu’s right-wing coalition approved the measure amid a competitive electoral landscape. Polls indicate that Netanyahu is trailing former military chief Gadi Eisenkot, who has suggested he might seek to broaden conscription to include ultra-Orthodox men. The introduction of the law appears aimed at solidifying the ultra-Orthodox bloc’s backing in a closely contested election.

The ultra-Orthodox community, also known as Haredim, traditionally focuses on Torah study as a full-time commitment and has long resisted compulsory military service. The new legislation explicitly guarantees their exemption, maintaining the status quo that has been a source of political tension and public debate in Israel.

However, the law faces criticism from various quarters, including the military establishment. General Eyal Zamir described the legislation as "clearly and unequivocally inconsistent" with the needs of the Israeli Defense Forces, indicating concerns over how the exemption may affect military personnel requirements.

The issue of military conscription for the ultra-Orthodox has been a persistent topic in Israeli society, reflecting broader challenges related to social integration, equality, and national responsibility. This latest legislation underscores the ongoing balancing act between political considerations and defense priorities as Israel approaches its next general election.