The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued a warning regarding the spread of West Nile virus across several European countries commonly frequented by British tourists. Health officials emphasize the importance of taking preventive measures to avoid mosquito bites, as the virus is transmitted primarily through mosquitoes feeding on infected birds. Currently, no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment exists; care is supportive and focused on managing symptoms. Severe cases involving the central nervous system require hospitalization.

Greece has experienced the most pronounced increase in cases, with 21 confirmed as of July 23, 2026, including 14 reported within the past week. Of these, 20 patients have developed neurological conditions such as encephalitis and meningitis, and 13 remain hospitalized. Italy reports the broadest geographic distribution of the virus, with 21 cases identified across 17 different regions as of mid-July. In addition, locally acquired infections have been documented in Spain, Romania, and North Macedonia.

West Nile virus infection can lead to a wide range of symptoms that include fever, neck stiffness, disorientation, tremors, convulsions, muscle weakness, paralysis, and in severe instances, coma. While mosquito bites are the primary mode of transmission, alternative routes such as organ transplantation, blood transfusion, pregnancy, and breastfeeding have also been reported.

Health authorities note that although most infections result in mild illness, approximately one in 150 people who contract the virus develop severe neurological disease. Travelers are advised to employ protective measures such as using insect repellent, wearing long-sleeved clothing, and avoiding areas with high mosquito activity to reduce the risk of infection during their stay in affected regions.