The system for licensing firearms in England and Wales has been described as “not fit for purpose” by the policing inspectorate, which has called for a comprehensive overhaul. The criticism follows an inspection of the 38 firearms and explosives licensing units (FELUs) responsible for processing applications, renewals, and monitoring certificate holders.
Currently, nearly 471,000 individuals hold lawful firearm and shotgun certificates across England and Wales, using their weapons for work or recreation. However, the inspection revealed significant inconsistencies in how licensing is administered, with applicants facing what has been described as a “postcode lottery” regarding the level of scrutiny and waiting times. The report highlighted that unclear guidance and inadequate supervision contribute to a fragmented system, leaving the public at greater risk.
The inspectorate noted that while “incremental improvements” have been made since a similar review a decade ago, these have fallen short of delivering the uniform standards, resilience, and assurance required. To address these systemic issues, the report recommended replacing individual licensing units with a centralized national firearms authority. This body would be tasked with overseeing all aspects of the licensing process to ensure consistency and improve oversight.
Lee Freeman, His Majesty’s Inspector of Constabulary, emphasized the need for public confidence in the system, stating that all parts must operate to high standards regardless of where an applicant lives. “We found it is not fit for purpose,” he said, adding that reform is essential to safeguarding both certificate holders and the wider community.
Data from the Home Office showed that at least 39 people were killed in shootings involving legally held firearms over the decade ending March 31, 2025. This figure underscores ongoing concerns about the risks associated with firearm ownership, even when properly licensed.
In response to the inspection, the Home Office reaffirmed its commitment to maintaining what it describes as some of the strictest firearms laws globally. It highlighted recent measures, including enhanced national training for police forces and increased licensing fees, aimed at strengthening firearms regulation. The department indicated it would work closely with law enforcement partners to review the inspectorate’s findings and consider potential further actions.
The recommendations set out by the policing inspectorate represent a significant call for reform in the firearms licensing system, emphasizing the need for consistent application of standards and improved public safety measures across England and Wales.