Chinese President Xi Jinping emphasized the historical ties between China and the United States during a state dinner at the White House on September 24, highlighting their joint efforts against Japan in World War II. Speaking at the event hosted by U.S. President Donald Trump, Xi recalled how the two nations cooperated over eight decades ago in fighting Japanese militarist aggression, underscoring the sacrifices made by Chinese soldiers and civilians who aided American pilots during that period.

Xi stated that the friendship forged during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, which cost hundreds of thousands of Chinese lives, remains a foundation for enduring relations between the two countries. Earlier in the day, Trump echoed this sentiment during a welcoming ceremony, describing China and the United States as “allies” during World War II and recognizing the contributions of American volunteer pilots who engaged Japanese forces.

These remarks are notable given the complex historical context: China during World War II was governed by the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek, distinct from the People's Republic of China established after the war. Analysts have noted that Trump’s characterization of the wartime relationship departed from typical U.S. presidential rhetoric.

Since the announcement of the U.S.-China summit, both leaders have invoked history to frame their countries’ relationship positively. The U.S. government’s official Fact Sheet on the summit refers to the United States and China fighting side by side as “allies” during the conflict. This narrative aligns with the broader diplomatic context, including remarks by Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi.

Takaichi, who attended the summit, reported telling Trump that Japan and the United States have developed a deep alliance built on mutual trust. She emphasized Japan’s commitment to contributing to regional and global peace and stability. However, the Fact Sheet and official communications from the U.S. did not address Taiwan, a sensitive topic given rising tensions in the region.

The Chinese government has criticized Japan’s recent security policies under the Takaichi administration, labeling them as “neo-militarism.” There is concern in Tokyo that China may leverage the U.S.-China historical narrative to strengthen its own strategic messaging. Following her recent speech at the United Nations General Assembly calling for the removal of “enemy state” clauses in the U.N. Charter—which relate to countries defeated in World War II—Takaichi remains cautious about Beijing’s intentions.

Despite acknowledging the historical wartime conflict between Japan and the United States, Takaichi reaffirmed to reporters that the two nations have achieved “solid reconciliation” and currently maintain a robust alliance grounded in mutual trust. With plans for at least two more U.S.-China summits before the end of the year, Tokyo intends to enhance coordination with Washington through ongoing dialogue across multiple levels of government.