Zambia’s President Hakainde Hichilema was sworn in for a second term on September 1, 2026, pledging to build on the economic progress made during his first five years in office. The ceremony, held at a stadium in Lusaka, drew thousands of supporters clad in the red colors of Hichilema’s United Party for National Development (UPND), along with a small delegation of African leaders.

In his address, Hichilema emphasized a shift from stabilizing the economy to focusing on growth, expansion, and increased opportunities for all Zambians. “Having done the heavy lifting in our first term, the next five years is all about growth, expansion, opportunity and prosperity for all our people,” he said. He acknowledged ongoing challenges, including the cost of living, and committed to continuing reforms aimed at broadening economic benefits.

Hichilema, a 64-year-old businessman, first took office in 2021 following Zambia’s 2020 sovereign debt default. His administration implemented market-friendly policies that helped reduce inflation and build up international reserves. He also introduced social reforms such as abolishing the death penalty and making primary and secondary education free. Despite these advances, critics argue that many ordinary Zambians have yet to experience tangible improvements in their daily lives. According to World Bank data, over 70% of Zambia’s roughly 22 million population live on less than three dollars a day.

The country remains heavily reliant on copper, its second-largest producer in Africa, with the mining sector accounting for approximately 70% of export earnings. China is Zambia’s largest bilateral creditor and a major investor in the mining industry.

The August 13 election that secured Hichilema’s second term was marked by significant political tension. His main challenger, former provincial government minister Brian Mundubile, received about 38% of the vote but was arrested on treason charges shortly after the election. Mundubile and his running mate, Makebi Zulu, have denied the allegations. Following the election, security forces raided Mundubile’s home, citing concerns over a suspected militia posing a national security threat. The operation resulted in the death of a former cabinet minister and the arrest of 11 members of Mundubile’s camp.

Mundubile went into hiding immediately after the raid but later surrendered on August 27. His party, the New Reform and Progress Union Party (NRPUP), has strongly condemned the government’s actions and dismissed the treason charges as politically motivated. Observers have noted the election was overshadowed by claims of intimidation, pro-government bias, and restrictions on opposition activities, raising concerns about Zambia’s democratic processes.

In his swearing-in speech, Hichilema called for political stability and peaceful competition, stating that the pursuit of political power should not come at the expense of peace, security, and national stability. He emphasized the courage involved in public service but warned against a political environment where disagreements escalate to life-or-death matters.

As Hichilema embarks on his next term, the government faces the dual challenges of sustaining economic growth and managing political divisions in one of Africa’s key copper-producing nations.